The Issue Of Gun Control - 1932 Words

Adam Minniear Ms. Revenaugh English 9, period 6 10 December 2015 Mo Guns, Mo Problems On July 23, 2015, a 59-year-old man with a history of mental and legal problems shot up a movie theater in Lafayette, Louisiana(â€Å"Shootings Expose Gaps in Background Check System†). Even more shocking than this is the fact that the gun this man had purchased was purchased legally through a loophole in the current gun control regulations, which is exactly why these regulations must be tightened. What is gun control you might ask? Well, gun control is what the government has done to handle how a gun is made, how it is sold, and what citizens can and cannot do with a gun. Gun control is very important to society because if we didn’t have it, not just America, but the world would be anarchy since there wouldn’t be any laws that say that a person cannot go shoot up a school or shoot an innocent man on the streets. So basically, without gun control, anybody could do anything with a gun. As stated above, gun control is important to society because if we didn’ t have it, it would allow anybody to do anything with a gun. So we need gun control to ensure our safety and to ensure that our world doesn’t breakout into anarchy. One example of gun control in action would be that in the 1990 s, ordinary people were not allowed to carry around a gun in most places. But then in 1987 almost all local governments allowed the citizens to carry guns. Then in the later 1990 s, the governments started to blameShow MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussions, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for ho w American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on other people to get his or her hands on a gun.† (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason why this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tragedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ g uns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigger a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In today’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in t he news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

Bipolar I Disorder Group And The Control Group - 873 Words

According to Dbsalliance.org. bipolar I disorder is characterized by one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes and one or more major depressive episodes. Bipolar I disorder is the most severe form of illness marked by extreme manic episodes (Types of Bipolar Disorder). In the experiment, Understanding Creativity in Bipolar I Disorder, the experimenters hypothesized that bipolar I disorder would be related to elevations of and greater variability in lifetime creative accomplishment and divergent thinking In this experiment, there were two groups which were the bipolar I disorder group and the control group. The experimenters examined if divergent thinking within the bipolar group was related to positive affectivity, ambition, medication, or depressive and manic symptom severity. They also examined if trait like levels of positive affectivity, neurocognition and ambition were related to either divergent thinking or lifetime creative accomplishment within bipolar disorder. In this experiment there were 62 participants that were diagnosed with bipolar 1 disorder and 50 control participants that had no diagnosis of a lifetime mood disorder. The people that were participating were recruited from the Bay Area Community in California. Everyone was fluent English speakers and ranged between 18 and 65 years old. Neither with no history of brain injury or medical conditions of the central nervous system and no show of impaired mental status or developmental disability. EveryShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Creativity Of Bipolar I Disorder1009 Words   |  5 PagesIn the experiment, Understanding Creativity in Bipolar I Disorder, the experimenters hypothesized that bipolar I disorder would be related to elevations of and greater variability in lifetime creative accomplishment and divergent thinking In this experiment, there were two groups which were the bipolar I disorder group and the control group. The experimenters examined if divergent thinking within the bi polar group was related to positive affectivity, ambition, medication, or depressive and manicRead MoreBipolar Is A Roller Coaster Of High And Low Emotions1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe mood disorder of bipolar is a roller coaster of high and low emotions. Bipolar has many different components and can manifest as either Bipolar I or Bipolar ( Oltmanns Emery, 2015) Bipolar I is described as having one manic episode. ( Oltmanns Emery ,2015) Mania is a disturbance in mood characterized by symptoms as elation, higher self-esteem, hyperactivity and expedited thought process. (Oltmanns Emery, 2015) To have Bipolar II, a person must have at least one depressive episodeRead MoreBipolar Dissorder: A Brief Summary Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe event of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. Records have shown that this problem can appear in almost anyone. It is clear that in our social world many people live with bipolar disorder. Regardless of the number of people suffering from the disease, we are still waiting for an explanation regarding the causes and cure. One fact of which we are aware, is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational successRead MoreApplication Of Clients Name1636 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"down† and even thought of hurting herself, but this was her first suicide attempt. The client claim that she does not use illicit drugs, but often does drink; client brought proof of a negative drug screen from Shepherd Hill. Tonya made the statement, â€Å"I have always been a realistic person, but most people just call me negative.† Client states she has often had â€Å"bad mood swings† where she will be her â€Å"normal† self then suddenly she would have bursts of energy lasting up to a month at a time, followedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1422 Words   |  6 Pagesleast two million Americans, or between 1 to 2 percent of the population, suffer from bipolar disorder. Catherine Zeta-Jones, Virginia Woolf, and Vincent Van Gogh are just a few famous examples known to have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (Bhatia, 2014). According to Nick Craddock (1999) of The Journal of Medical Genetics, â€Å"bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive illness, is a complex genetic disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elationRead MoreDiagnosing the Bipolar Disorders Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disord er, or manic-depressive disorder, is a disorder characterized by extreme mood changes. A person suffering from this disorder can go from being energetic and outgoing to feeling worthless and irritated anywhere between a few days to a couple of months, or even years. Diagnosis, treatment, and the dramatic changes cause a threat to the victim. People with bipolar disorder may try to kill themselves or engage in reckless behaviors depending on which stage they are in (Hassel et al 2009Read MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Bipolar Disorder1345 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 57 million adult Americans, (Bipolar Disorder Statistics, 2016). It is more common for this disorder to affect adults rather than adolescent, with the onset age being somewhere around 25 years of age. Often time people live with disorder without having it properly diagnosed and treatedRead More Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Essay example1517 Words   |  7 Pagesticket to Morocco. However before she could fly over her friends from the restaurant convinced her to stay one more day so they could say goodbye. However, instead they took her to see a clinical psychologist who focused on mood disorders, especially Bipolar Disorder. The therapist found out from her that her Aunt (biological mother’s sister) had moments where she had fun extreme ideas when Maria was about 12 years old an d they would go out and just do whatever idea her Aunt came up with. As wellRead More The Bipolar Brain and the Creative Mind Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bipolar Brain and the Creative Mind Our hospital was famous and had housed many great poets and singers. Did the hospital specialize in poets and singers, or was it that poets and singers specialized in madness? ... What is it about meter and cadence and rhythm that makes their makers mad? (1) The link between madness and creativity is one that has been hotly debated in both medical and literary circles for a long time. The two most common types of mental illness theorized to be anRead MoreThe Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder, Annotated Bibliography854 Words   |  4 PagesTHE LINK BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND BIPOLAR DISORDER The Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder Creativity is related with bipolar disorder is a popular assumption. The fact that many creative people, including Van Gogh, Ernest Hemingway, Leo Tolstoy, and Sylvia Plath, suffered from some kind of mental disorders triggers that idea. Psychologists have been interested in this contingent link for decades. In this paper, after defining both terms, I examine three articles that report

Events Managements

Questions: 1. Identify the key stakeholders of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow and briefly outline their motivations and roles. Define a stakeholder, list all the stakeholders and choose about three to four to further talk about them and their roles.2. Critically evaluate the positive and negative impacts the Commonwealth Games have had on Glasgow and how they are being measured. (Explaining outcomes using examples and explaining economic, social, environmental and physical challenges).3. What lessons can be learnt from Glasgow for other commonwealth countries who are considering bidding for the Games in future years? Answers: Introduction It has been indicated by evidence that no previous country as a host has shown a positive impact of health sustainability resulting from a main sports event. Holding this event was not enough for making sure that health will be improvised. A legacy plan needed to be established even before the process of planning (Potter 1998). An assessment from health impact was done in the year 2008 which was followed by a successful big from Glasgow for hosting the common wealth games in the year 2014 and suggestions were made for the important stakeholders as partners for considering the plan to implement and obtain a positive influence that can help in mitigating the potential negative influence of the event. Glasgow center for health consideration of population, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde along with the council of Glasgow city commissioned the progressive and Dudleston Harkins Research Society Ltd for assessing HIA effectiveness in influencing the sports events legacy (Lee et al 2005). This also helped in appropriately understanding the way in which HIAs generally are used as effective techniques for promoting health. The general aim of this essay lies in evaluating the sports event hosted by Glasgow 2014 in terms of important stakeholders for the event with their main responsibility and role in the project, evaluating the beneficial and disadvantageous influences of the Games on the city of Glasgow and the way in which they can be measured economically, socially, environmentally and physically along with evaluating the consequence of the project to understand its impact for other countries bidding to host for common wealth games in the future (Glasgow 2014). The scope of this essay lies in analyzing environmental emissions (both direct and indirect either after or before), advantages and disadvantages of hosting such as event, how the impact can be measured along with the Type of Model used by Glasgow and other models that other countries can choose from. 1. The Common Wealth Games, 2014, hosted by Glasgow was supported by various members such as the Scottish Government and the committee that helped in organizing the event. Definition of Stakeholders: As per the definition provided by business dictionary.com, Stakeholders are those individuals or parties who have a concern towards an organization and are part of the organization. These stakeholders do not have equal position in the company but their participation to the functions and operations of a company helps the company to grow profits. These stakeholders have a share in the profit of a company and are also responsible to share the companys loss. Main Stakeholders List of Glasgow 2014 NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Glasgow center for Population health Glasgow University medical research council Population Health Glasgow centre NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit Scottish Health Impact Network of assessment Glasgow Centre for International Futures Forum Social Care Executive Members Roles and Responsibility The assessment of Health Impact of the Sports event was done by the council of Glasgow city, Population Health Glasgow center, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit. Scoping Event was supported by Scottish Health Impact Network of assessment, Glasgow Centre for International Futures Forum (Andrew Lyon), Social Care Executive Member (Councilor Archie Graham), substance (Adam Brown) and ECOTEC (Clare Johnson). Community engagement was supported by stakeholders namely, Scottish Center for community development, Coordinators from Glasgow community planning partnership engagement network, Council of students from Glasgow and several individual and community members who volunteered in the event. Feedback of the event was supported and given by Archie Graham (Social care and Commonwealth games Executive Member, Council of Glasgow city (2014 team) and coordinators from partnership engagement (Fidell et al 2000). Steering group multiagency helped in guiding the work were Glasgow Culture and Sport center, Greater Glasgow NHS, City council and development and regeneration services of Glasgow. Stakeholder Motivation The following are the 3 important motivations for all the stakeholders which came from various concerns that the city of Glasgow in terms of its health position was facing. 1. The first concern was the weak position of health quality in the city in comparison to other Scotland cities and well known areas of UK. Mortality of infants has also reduced in the city since the past 3 decades (Hallenback 2009).2. Another concern was the problems such as smoking levels being relatively high, levels of obesity, levels of physical activity being less and alcohol consumption along with illicit drug usage in the city being high. Such health behavior trends have been known to have an adverse impact on the diseases in future and the levels of mortality. All the stakeholders along with their roles were highly motivated to bring the health quality of Glasgow at a common high individually and collectively (Hensher DABA 2001).3. Furthermore, the stakeholders had complete knowledge of the observation that HIA applies a qualitative and quantitative proof inclusive of perceptions from stakeholders and their experience in order to develop options that can enhance the positive influence and negate completely the negative influence. 2. Positive Impacts Social benefit: The main areas of potential influence were identified from the events scope which especially remained in enhancing employment opportunities and employment ability. Economic benefit: This would in turn positively influence the image of Glasgow city in terms of regenerating the city, pride of civic apprehension, peoples health and their well-being, developing infrastructure, enhancing environment and various themes to cross cut such as engaging community, inequalities being tackled and cohesion of community (Giuliano 2008). Environmental Benefits: However, prior to the event, positive evidences were gathered in order to analyze the positive influence of the Games to be true or false. Evidence 1: Survey from household- This survey explicitly resulted in stating that Glasgow citizens completely believed in this event to have a positive influence on the people at a larger scale such as the belief of people on the event to bring healthy impact for them and their families. Evidence 2: Reviewing Systematically- This review helped in understanding the influence of main multiple events on sports from the year 1978 to the year 2008 over health determinants. The findings reported to the steering group of HIA that the evident quality was low but there were identified gaps when examining the consequences (Gardiner 2008). However the positive impact of the review can be exclaimed from economic diversity of the city with its image enhancement. From this perspective it can be stated that an established process such as an HIA for professionals in public health domain help in informing the makers of policy with provided evidences. This is especially significant for intervention in the society not specifically aimed at generation of effective health. Negative Impacts Economic and Social Influence: Even after a wide range of potential positive impacts, there unfortunately is also lacking evidence for many of the needed influences. There is especially inadequate proof for impact attribution to such events instead of several other trends. Environmental Influence: From this perspective, even after the abundant data present over prior multi events of sports, academic research robust around such games legacy is rare. Such a large event being hosted can cause a large footprint environmentally with regard to creation of waste, needed travelling and excess consumption of food and drinks. Financial Influence: More capital can be wasted if consideration is not given to infrastructure development taking place with regard to long term benefits of the construction. Initiatives of regeneration have a tendency to be positive along with being negative. Forceful eviction and forceful relocation are some similar negative impacts of such a scenario (Gardiner 2006). Political Influence: Lacking coordination present between the sector of public and private. More focus on internal structure of the city with lacking wider areas integration. Constructing buildings permanently that were very large for use every-day Measuring impact is needed for determining the real impact and to under if the process of HIA has influenced the process of decision making. It is evident that the event will critically impact health of people by influencing the economic ability, civic pride, decision making engagement, new infrastructure provision and cultural event participation promotion (Kemp 2012). However, it was challenging to deliver precise estimation of these influences because from similar intervention, there is no qualitative evidence present. Using the Community Engagement National standards and a tool named as VOiCE (Visioning outcome in community engagement) were applied alongside the Development Center for Scottish Community. Outcomes using examples The main strength of the Common wealth Games remained in program planning, use of several methods, working collaboratively, share data and feedback being provided. The final score of the evaluation resulted in 5 out of 6 indicating an excellent performance with main strengths remaining related to the Standards of Nation along with stated outcomes achievement. This was available proved by the following Examples: Example: Safer Routes for Travelling Actively was evident as an essential outcome of the HIA. Infrastructure of transport improved in terms of access, pollution issues and standards of safety. This was the result of emerging infrastructure requirement, reviews conducted systematically and from the consultation phase of stakeholders. The program faced several Challenges of Economic, social, environmental and physical nature as follows Social and Economic: Improving the population health especially to prevent obesity is challenging for Scotland because it already is ranked the second amongst obesity level developed nations along with no improvements being shown. Example: Before the Olympic games of Sydney the obesity levels increased and also after the games. There has been no guarantee that a main event of sports will result in positive influence being gained socially and economically for the nation hosting the event. Furthermore, it is also argued that the benefits for the host nation are often lost (Lee et al 2007). There is no influence that will take place automatically on activities in the society which are non-sport based. Other challenges are inclusive of delivery alignment and legacy alignment, expectations being unmanageable, caution and ambition being mix reasonably, developments are linked and HIA is not enough for planning the legacy especially for engagement of community. Environmental: During the time of construction, noise pollution will be the main challenge as it can lead to stress for other people. Stocks of housing do not yield long term sustainability and the need to build green houses will require further planning. Pollution due to traffic congestion is another significant challenge (Waitt 2001). Physical: According to the Poll results from YouGov, more than 70 percent population still will not be motivated for doing more exercises even when life of people depends on the same. Any improvement in health, levels of activity of lifestyle have been shown by no other nations hosting common wealth games according to Chief Medical Officer, London 2012 (Owen 2002). Very less information is present of the influence of this event on development of sport in the local area, regions and at the level of nation. Furthermore, health benefits related to games are not known yet. 3. What went well with Glasgow was the simplicity offered to its citizens through hosting a sports event at an international level. Also, the positive impact was simple but results in complicated outcomes that need to be addressed as per the recommendations. Communities involved in making decisions on facilities establishment and up gradation to ensure that the requirements in the local environment are met. Every facility was ensured to have a process in place for the involved communities in alignment with making decisions with the Community Engagement National Standards (Friedman et al 2010). More requirement for facilities helped in motivating the enhancement in physical activities. However the conduction of HIA was the main efforts made by Glasgow inclusive of themes mapping for Framework of Legacy revealing certain essential lessons learnt with regard to HIAs in future. The main challenge related to this HIA and the associated framework of legacy was to ensure main partners are taking up the role and responsibility as per the suggestions. Outlined stakeholders also faced issues in making sure that the steps are taken under specific actions with the National Standards in order to make sure that the process is properly monitored (OBrien 2009). It was also suggested as such there needs to be a main group that sits above every organization involved in the process in order to side by side govern the assessment process and eventual recommend the way in which monitoring can be done of the implementation process fruitfully. Glasgow while hosting the event made sure that all the involved members understood this HIA in the appropriate manner and were aware that the proc ess is an approach to collect comprehensive work pieces that involved various stages such as reviewing literature and consulting the community. Environment emissions with regard to the legacy of environment for the Games in 2014 aiming to not only be an exemplar but also environmental sustainability through natural resources efficient usage, low-carbon promotion and several technologies preferred environment (Gardiner 2006). There were various particular measure of environment for the Games 2014 inclusive of zones with lower emission around the venues of 2014, venues free from car, vehicles with higher technologies and renewable energy usage. Policy consideration for sustainability in construction was essential to design buildings at a lower use of energy. Various potential impacts of negative nature to the local environment are inclusive of noise pollution, pollution from dust and vibrating due to activities of construction. The associated regeneration with the games needs to be an example that helps in promotion of urban design sustainability encouraging travel and physical activity. Therefore, knowledge refreshment amongst stakeholders or introduction of HIA as a concept or model along with its influence over policy to newly recruited staff can help in making sure that the HIA has an advanced impact and it also removes the HIA perception not being applicable still. The type of Model used by Glasgow, 2014 while hosting the common wealth games was Health Impact assessment model which is the systematic process to identify the differential proposed plans and projects health and wellbeing influence (Gardiner 2006). This took place in democracy, equity, sustainability and ethical usage for framework of evidences. This tool was used to positively influence the decision making process. Understanding the properly complicated and political environment that surrounds the HIA development and implementation is important for making sure that the recommended change has been implemented. This illustrated that HIA is significant to conduct HIA that can match along with map the current structure of policy. Conclusion This essay has been based on various factors considered when Glasgow 2014 hosted the common wealth Games. These factors were related to social, environmental, political and economic along with physical challenges that the event had to face. In addition, more focus in this essay has been given to the way in which the program was evaluated and what was presented in the outcome. The model of HIA has been taken evidently in order to attain the resulting consequence in the health quality domain (Gardiner 2006). Additionally, the HIA process was comprehensive with thoroughness in nature and the process helped in making use of current networks and present findings in concise manner, resonated manner and in accordance to the solutions from several evaluations and consultations community. From the legacy frameworks outlined themes, the organizations and nations in the future will be successful in hosting common wealth games for health benefits through recommended frameworks (Gardiner 2006). H owever, as the population is growing rapidly it becomes important to review and learn from such events in order to make sure that there are beneficial requirements of health obtained for every population group through hosting such sports events. References 1. Glasgow 2014, 2014, Delivering a lasting legacy for Scotland: analysis of consultation responses, Scottish Government (Available at https://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/253682/0075174.pdf.)2. Lee, BK., Jun, NY., Lee, HK., 2005, Analysis of impacts on urban air quality by restricting the operation of passenger vehicles during Asian Game events in Busan, Korea. Atmospheric Environment, 39, pp 2323-2338.3. Potter, CSJ., 1998, Assessing the impacts of transportation on ambient air quality: the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Washington, D.C, Transportation Research Board4. Fidell, S., Pearsons, K., Tabachnick, BG., Howe, R., 2000, Effects on sleep disturbance of changes in aircraft noise near three airports. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107: 2535-47.5. Hallenbeck, ME., 2009, Traffic impacts during the Goodwill Games : final report, Research Project GC8719, Task 29, Goodwill Games Traffic Impacts. [Olympia, Wash.?]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Resear ch and Public Transportation Division, in cooperation with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration 6. Hensher DABA, 2001, Going for gold at the Sydney Olympics: how did transport perform? [Sydney, N.S.W.]: Institute of Transport Studies, Australian Key Centre in Transport Management, the University of Sydney and Monash University 7. Giuliano, G., 2006, Changes in travel demand characteristics during the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Irvine, Calif.: Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California 8. Gardiner, S., 2008, Creating sustainable mega event impacts: networking and relationship development through pre-event training. Sport Management Review, 9:25-47.9.Kemp, S., 2012, The Hidden Workforce: Volunteers' Learning in the Olympics. Journal of European Industrial Training, 26, pp 109-116. 9. Kemp, S., 2012, The Hidden Workforce: Volunteers' Learning in the Olympics. Journal of European Industrial Training, 26, pp 109-116. 10. Friedman, MS., Powell, KE., Hutwagner, L., Graham, LM., Teague, WG., 2010, Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 285:897-905. 11. Lee, JT., Son, JY., Cho, YS., 2007, Benefits of mitigated ambient air quality due to transportation control on childhood asthma hospitalization during the 2002 summer Asian games in Busan, Korea. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association, 57, 968-73. 12. Waitt, G., 2001, The Olympic spirit and civic boosterism: the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Tourism geographies, 3, pp 249-278. 13. Owen, K., 2002, The Sydney 2000 Olympics and urban entrepreneurialism: local variations in urban governance. Australian geographical studies, 40, pp 323-36.14. O' Brien, DJ., 2009, Strategic business leveraging of a mega sport event: the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games experience. Gold Coast, Qld.: CRC for Sustainable Tourism 15 Gardiner, S., 2006, Creating sustainable mega event impacts: networking and relationship development through pre-event training. Sport Management Review, 9:25-47. 16. Searle, G., 2007, Uncertain legacy: Sydney's Olympic stadiums. European Planning Studies, 10, 845-60

The Campaign Of 1812 Should Have Been A Another Crusade For Essays

The Campaign of 1812 should have been a another crusade for Napoleon, but he now faced 2 new policies that he had never faced before, the severe Russian winter and the notorious scorched-earth policy. On June 23, 1812 Napoleon's Grande Armee, over 500,000 men strong, poured over the Russian border. An equal amount of Russian forces awaited them. The result of the campaign was a surprise. Two authors, General carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, show similarities in reasons why Napoleon had lost this campaign to Russia. Napoleon believed that after a few quick victorious battles, he could convince Alexander to return to the Continental System. He also decided that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would crumple and ask for peace. " A single blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will instantly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy." pg 6, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. This was his belief he expressed in March 1812. However, when Napoleon eventually took over Moscow, the Tsar still did not surrender. Napoleon, sent a message to the Tsar, demanding a immediate surrender. However, the Tsar could not surrender because if he did, he would be assassinated by the nobles. Clausewitz replies by saying," Napoleon was unable to grasp the fact that Alexander would not, could not negotiate. The Tsar knew well that he would be disposed and assassinated if he tried so." pg 256, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia. General Clausewitz said, "Napoleon believed if he defeated the Russian Army and occupied Moscow, the Russian leadership will fall apart and the government would call for peace." pg 253, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also agreed that Napoleon's occupation had no result. " The occupation of Napoleon in Moscow did not have a effect on the government." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia With his battle plan set, Napoleon prepared his troops for the attack on Russia. But, Napoleon did not consider the fierce Russian winter which awaited him. According to Ludwig Wilhelm Gottlob Schlosser, a onlooker, he described the army by saying, "The French, down to the lowliest drummer were very fastidious. These poor French devils were not satisfied with less than soup, meat and vegetables, roast, and salad for their midday meal, and there was no sign of their famous frugality. They were completely devoid of the coming winter." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon was even warned by General Rapp about the extremities of the oncoming winter in Russia. "The natives say we shall have a severe winter," Napoleon retorted scornfully," Bah! You and your natives! We shall see how fine it is." pg 147, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon should have heeded Rapp's words. As the Grand Armee marched toward Moscow, many horses and men were lost in the freezing snow, and for those who remained, their morale and effectiveness was at the nadir. General Clausewitz states his point by saying, " With more precaution and better regulations as to subsistence, with more careful consideration of his marches, which would have prevented the unnecessary and enormous accumulation of masses on one and the same road, he would have preserved his army in a more effective condition." pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also shared the same opinion, " Napoleon appeared to have made no effort to discover the facts in Russia, or prepare his troops for it." pg 140, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. As Napoleon and his army was making their way to Moscow, they encountered typhus, colds, and dysentery. Even the mighty Napoleon had caught a mild case of the flu. However, his soldiers had received the brunt of the attack. Captain Thomas- Joesph Aubry relives this ordeal, " After this the typhus made appalling inroads in our ranks. We were fourty-three officers in our ward. All of them died, one after the other, and delirious from this dreadful disease, most of them singing, some in Latin, others in German, others again in Italian - and singing psalms, canticles, or the mass." pg 210, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia General Clausewitz wrote, " The bad water and the air-borne insects caused dysentery, typhus, and diarrhea." pg 136, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also wrote, " Bad water, bad air, and bad sanitation all contributed to the vile diseases." pg 213 1812, Napoleon's defeat in Russia. Napoleon had lost about 80,000 men altogether from diseases alone. But there were some remedies for the sick, doctors provided gruel for the dysentery and warm

Free Essays on Slavery Reparations

Slavery and Reparations Despite the fact that slavery officially ended over one hundred years ago, there remains discussions of owing slaves’ families reparations. Numerous articles, essays, and journals have been written arguing both sides of this important and controversial issue. In Jack E. White’s article, â€Å"Don’t Waste Your Breath,† he argues against reparations. On the contrary, Vincene Verdun’s article, â€Å"To Right an Old Wrong: Potential Defendants for Slavery Reparations are Still Around,† defends and supports reparations. These two articles differ in there arguments, appeals and audiences, and credibility. First, the differences between White and Verdun appear in their arguments. White, an African American journalist for Time magazine, received his motivation for writing his article after reading David Horowitz’s list on why reparations are â€Å"a bad idea for blacks† (White 573-574). White said he has tangled with Horowitz in the past. Even though White and Horowitz have different viewpoints on the reparations issue, White applauds Horowitz for making reparations a story worth fighting for (574). White’s main claim in his article is that the argument over reparations is a waste of time. This belief, explains the title of his article. He claims that the issue is not worth debating. Also, he argues that the amount of money it would take to comfort his fellow African Americans is astronomically. White also claims that the white race will never pay (574). To sum up White’s article, he is against reparations; and believes they will never happen. In contrast of White, Verdun supports reparations for slaves’ families. Verdun is an associate professor of law at the Michael E. Moritz College of Law (Verdun 23). In his essay, Verdun addresses the question of who should pay for reparations. Verdun states, â€Å"I agree that no slave masters are alive to pay the debt of slavery in America. However, the governme... Free Essays on Slavery Reparations Free Essays on Slavery Reparations Slavery and Reparations Despite the fact that slavery officially ended over one hundred years ago, there remains discussions of owing slaves’ families reparations. Numerous articles, essays, and journals have been written arguing both sides of this important and controversial issue. In Jack E. White’s article, â€Å"Don’t Waste Your Breath,† he argues against reparations. On the contrary, Vincene Verdun’s article, â€Å"To Right an Old Wrong: Potential Defendants for Slavery Reparations are Still Around,† defends and supports reparations. These two articles differ in there arguments, appeals and audiences, and credibility. First, the differences between White and Verdun appear in their arguments. White, an African American journalist for Time magazine, received his motivation for writing his article after reading David Horowitz’s list on why reparations are â€Å"a bad idea for blacks† (White 573-574). White said he has tangled with Horowitz in the past. Even though White and Horowitz have different viewpoints on the reparations issue, White applauds Horowitz for making reparations a story worth fighting for (574). White’s main claim in his article is that the argument over reparations is a waste of time. This belief, explains the title of his article. He claims that the issue is not worth debating. Also, he argues that the amount of money it would take to comfort his fellow African Americans is astronomically. White also claims that the white race will never pay (574). To sum up White’s article, he is against reparations; and believes they will never happen. In contrast of White, Verdun supports reparations for slaves’ families. Verdun is an associate professor of law at the Michael E. Moritz College of Law (Verdun 23). In his essay, Verdun addresses the question of who should pay for reparations. Verdun states, â€Å"I agree that no slave masters are alive to pay the debt of slavery in America. However, the governme...

SAT Scoring - Find Out What Your Score Means

SAT Scoring - Find Out What Your Score Means An SAT score is the score awarded to students who have completed the SAT, a standardized test administered by the College Board. The SAT is an admissions test commonly used by colleges and universities in the United States.   How Colleges Use SAT Scores The SAT tests  critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills. Students who take the test are given a score for each section. Colleges look at the scores to determine your skill level and readiness for college. The higher your score is, the better it looks to admission committees who are trying to determine which students should be accepted to their school and which students should be rejected.   Although SAT scores are important, they are not the only thing that schools look at during the admissions process. College admissions committees also consider essays, interviews, recommendations, community involvement, your high school GPA, and much more.   SAT Sections The SAT is split into several different test sections: Reading Test  - This portion of the exam includes command of evidence, words in context, and data analysis questions.   Writing and Language Test  - The questions on the SAT Writing and Language test your ability to analyze writing and correct writing errors. Questions focus on word choice, organization, impact, evidence, and standard English conventions. Math Test  - This section of the SAT asks questions related to algebra, data analysis, and advanced math (complex equations, geometry, trigonometry).    Essay (Optional)  - Students can take the SAT or the SAT with Essay. In other words, the essay is optional. Before you decide not to do the essay, though, you should know that some colleges and universities require SAT essay scores as part of the admissions process. SAT Scoring Range SAT scoring can be very hard to understand, so we are going to take a closer look at how each section is scored so that you can make sense of all of the numbers. The first thing that you need to know is that the scoring range for the SAT is 400-1600 points. Every test taker receives a score in that range. A 1600 is the best score you can get on the SAT. This is what is known as a perfect score. Although there are some students that get a perfect score every year, it is not a very common occurrence.   The two main scores that you need to worry about are: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Score: The EBRW score combines your scores from the Reading Test and the Writing and Language Test. Your EBRW score will range from 200-800 points.   Math Score: The math score ranges from 200-800 points.   If you decide to take the SAT with Essay, you will be given a score for your essay as well. This score ranges from 2-8 points, with 8 being the highest possible score.

The Challenges That Induce Unfavorable Conditions Assignment

The Challenges That Induce Unfavorable Conditions - Assignment Example Deida, in his book, ‘The way of the superior man,’ notes that men positively convert challenges into growth. He explores a positive perspective of growth that stimulates individuals to works towards realizing their potentials. This is one of the ways in which challenges helps people to grow. When faced with a challenge, a person’s weakness is exposed to him and to the society by extension and this may trigger an initiative to cover the weakness by solving it. Challenges, therefore, stimulate growth by initiating improvements (Deida, p. 61). Challenges also form the basis upon which developments can be built, especially among people with positive attitudes. A person with a positive attitude particularly identifies a challenge with the notion that the challenge can be solved. Such individual, therefore, explores avenues into generating solutions to challenges a move that identifies challenges as an avenue towards growth (Emmerling, Ghanwal and Mandal, p. 42). Exploration of the story, ‘graduation,’ directly expresses growth through challenges. The main title of the book that conveys the author’s themes for example talks of the singing of a caged bird. While the bird faces a challenge of loss of freedom, its condition prompts it to sing in an attempt to find help out of the cage. The author also directly illustrates the impacts of poverty, as a challenge, towards innovation and hard work. While the rich could easily afford clothes for the graduation ceremony, the poor class developed initiatives having presentable clothes. Similarly, the narrator explains how her mother made her an outstanding garment from what they could afford.  Such an initiative was prompted by her family’s financial challenge. The narrator’s high ambitions to success were also most likely inspired by the level of poverty in their family.

Article Review, Scaffolding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Review, Scaffolding - Essay Example A qualitative research approach was used for the program. A phonemic awareness lesson taught by a preschool teacher was taken for analysis which showed that children picked randomly were unable to comprehend or understand phonemics of words. Several factors, such as socio-cultural, non-understanding of the teacher’s instructions, or of the words used or what they are exactly required to do, could be the reason for the silent responses of these children. Hence support systems that could be provided by the teachers were worked upon which lead to devising the scaffolding method of creating phonemic awareness, which is reviewed in this article. Through the process of scaffolding teachers provide a support system, through comments and instructions, to children to complete a given task. It is not a random assignment process as it is tailor-made for each child depending on their inherent ability to perform the task. Keeping in mind the outcomes that could be expected from children wh o have varying grasping and performing abilities, three levels of scaffolding have been proposed. Beginning with children who have the least ability to grasp what is being told up to children who have a good grasping power, each level in scaffolding provides specific help to the children until the desired result is obtained. The authors have provided a transcript which outlines how the three levels of scaffolding have been used with children in a preschool classroom. However the effect size in this study is too small to ascertain the reach of this process among children. The three levels of scaffolding explained in the article include: intense, moderate and minimum. In the case of intense scaffolding the beginning phoneme is isolated and the teacher emphasizes on the phoneme while saying the word. In addition the teacher also instructs the children to watch them as

Chinua Achebe Things Fall Apart Essay Example for Free

Chinua Achebe Things Fall Apart Essay He had a slight stammer and had no patience with unsuccessful men. Okonkwo’s fears were becoming like his father, Unoka because his father was a failure. The characteristics of his father was his father was poor and his wife and children had barely enough to eat and people laughed at him because he was a loafer and they swore never to lend him money again because he never paid it back. Unoka was inactive, deprived, wasteful, weak, moderate, and always very fascinated in music and conversation. Okonkwo on the other hand was the total opposite of his father, he just married his third wife, he was a wealthy farmer and had two barns full of yams last but not least he had taken two titles and had shown incredible prowess in two inter-tribal wars. 2. Kola is a stimulant, comparable to very strong tea or coffee, which is served on most social occasions in this culture. It is also one ingredient after which Coca Cola is named. Note how the ritual for sharing kola is described without being explained. Why do you think Achebe does this? He will continue to introduce Ibo customs in this fashion throughout the novel. * Achebe describes kola without explaining it because he wants the reader to know that Kola nuts plays a big part in the African culture due to the fact that in the book it states â€Å"He who bring Kola Nuts brings life†. Kola Nuts is to be presented to the titled man or a village head. This plays a very important social and ritual role in the Igbo culture. The kola-nuts are the highest symbol of Igbo hospitality. Whenever a kola-nut appears in a gathering, the matter to be discussed at that particular time is regarded as very important. When an important guest visits the community, kola-nuts are brought out and handed to the elder person. 3. One becomes influential in this culture by earning titles. As with the Potlatch Indians of our region and many other peoples, this is an expensive proposition which involves the dispersing most of ones painfully accumulated wealth. What do you think are the social functions of such a system? I believe the social functions of such a system is to show your people how far you have come as a person and how successful you are. So the more money that you spend it shows people how victorious you are. If you just have a regular old party without putting much money into it you aren’t that successful in other people’s eyes. 4. One of the most famous lines in the novel is proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten. What does this mean? Palm oil is a rich yellow oil pressed from the fruit of certain palm trees and used both for fuel and cooking. Look for other proverbs as you read. Cowry shells threaded on strings were traditionally used as a means of exchange by many African cultures. The villages distance from the sea makes them sufficiently rare to serve as money. Cowries from as far away as Southeast Asia have been found in sub-Saharan Africa. * This important quote shows how the Igbo people use their art of rhetoric so plainly. The quote shows how our lifestyle is one of fast-paced conversations, yet the Igbo prize conversation as an art form. That art form shows how the Igbo people use rhetoric so plainly. We all know proverbs are meant to be well thought-out and intentional but not quickly digested and forgotten. In the quote the metaphor suggests that words are organized by proverbs for digestion. Palm oil was a common form of cooking oil, and many foods were prepared with it for use. For that reason, proverbs are the source by which words or conversations are made. The same value that they place on food, the nourishment of life, to words, the sustenance of communication and for these reasons the community.

Essay --

For as long as we can remember, many people have been experiencing hardships and worries, with little to no income being one of the largest. In the U.S there are a few programs that can help populations facing these difficulties obtain imperitive things they need. One of these benificial programs is WIC. WIC stands for Women, Infants and Children; and is a special supplemental nutrition program that targets nutritionally at risk mothers infants and children, due to low income. The program helps aid families in the effort to provide nutritious foods, information and counseling on healthy eating, and to provide referrels to other healthcare and government benifit programs like welfare and social services. (Food and Nutrition service, 2013) The history of WIC dates back to the 1960s when many americans were suffering from malnutrition due to low income. In 1969 the nations concern with malnutrition, especially in mothers and children had greatly increased and the USDA established a commodity supplemental food program that would benifit pregnant women, infants and children. the legistlation formerly authorized the special supplemental food program as a 2 year pilot program in 1972 by an ammendement to the Child Nutrition act of 1966, and in 1975 WIC was established as a permanent program. (Oliveira, Racine, Olmsted, & Ghelfi, 2002) The purpose of the WIC, as stated before is to improve the health of nutritionally at risk women infants and children through adequate nutritional help. According the the USDA Wic has improved birth outcomes with longer pregnancies, higher birth weights, lower infant mortalities, and more mothers receiving prenatal care. Also the improvement of savi... ...e volunteer opportuities consist of answering phones, filing chats, greeting wic participants, and reading and conducting activities for children while their parents are occupied. The requirements include being able to read and write, ability to work well with others, enjoy working with families and children receiving wic and sensitivity to cultural diversity. (Wic office, 2014). The benifits of volunteers are lower administration costs, stretching resoures, and increasing the quality and quantity of the services that re provides to participants. Furthermore the community greatly benifits from Wic in that participants are healthier with the nutritional assistance and healthcare referrels that the program supplies. There are also a large amount of savings in healthcare costs as a result of prenatal and postpardum care for mothers which makes for healthier babies.

An invesigation of the contribrution

Over the years, there have been many definitions of insurance but the most accepted definition is that given by ALAN WILLET in 1901. He defined insurance â€Å"As the accumulation of reserves for the purpose of contingencies†. Thus it is a business activity wherein some people or parties who are subject to certain risk pay monthly or yearly premium to an insurance company to transfer the burden of such risks.Insurance also may be defined â€Å"as a contract whereby a person called the insurer or the assure agrees in consideration of money paid to him called the premium by another person called the insured or assured to indemnify the latter against losses resulting to him on the happening of certain events†¦. J. O. Rusk (1991)†. The origin of insurance initially had a connection with ships and cargoes achieving a spread of risk.This origin dates back to as early as BBC (carter, 1991) when the â€Å"Babylonians developed a system of loans on maritime ventures whereb y the loans were not repayable in the event of the loss of the venture†, to the emergence of modern insurance development which owes its credence to Great Britain, though insurance Ewing introduced into Britain by the Lombard in the 14th and 1 5th centuries (Cooker, 2002). Insurance is an intangible service paid for and received at a future date.The technicality of insurance makes it obvious for uneven incidence of risks when there are infinite numbers of identical risks. It is also a risk transfer mechanism which provides enormous benefits to the individual/organizations (both profit and non- profit), government and socio-economy at large. Every individual or organization is faced with the likelihood of a loss, injury, destruction of life or properties; hence, it is asserted that â€Å"Risk is concomitant of life† (Chipolata 2006). In other words, risk is unavoidable.Since It is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncerta in loss, it is therefore because of the liability of an organization to predict the future that insurance is purchased. 1. 2 DEFINITION OF RISK The term risk is a simple notion which cut across a layman's definition to the technicalities of business practices. When someone states that there is risk in a particular situation or context, be it business or an event, the ordinary listener understands what it means on the face of it. What then is Risk?This question can easily be answered by adopting a generally accepted definition of Risk by a renowned scholar, Dry Matthias G. Healer. He defines it as the possibility that positive expectation of a goal-oriented system will not be achieved (uncertainty) and this will be due to either certain human or inhuman factors. Furthermore, risk refers to the uncertainty that surrounds future events and its outcomes. It has an expression which looks again at likelihood and impact of an event with the potential to influence the achievement of organiz ations objectives.When â€Å"risk† is said to exist, there is also the likelihood that expected results may not match those results hoped for I. E. A deviation. Benjamin Franklin in his book observed that in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes. Yet there is some uncertainty about those two phenomena: no one can be sure when he/she will die, and tax rules and rates are frequently changed. In fact, the whole of life is surrounded by uncertainty. In some situation uncertainties are within the control of individuals or firm, others are part of the environment in which our lives operate.However, the word ‘risk used here changes. Insurance is an unsought good and the uncertainty in future events is what is being insured. Insurers' profitability in any portfolio depends largely on the frequency, the severity of its impact and its final results (uncertainty). Uncertainty is not merely a dimension of threats, hazards and risks but opportunities w hich if anticipated may result in a reward. The risk is the thing which is insured, the insured peril, the expected claims cost for any given policy, or as a general term for unwanted and uncertain future events. 1. 3 RISK MANAGEMENT AND INSURANCEOrganizations had long practiced various parts of what has come to be called risk management. Risk management is attempting to identify and manage the threats that could severely impact or bring down an organization. The management of risk is a fundamental aspect of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs manage the risk of accidental loss by weighing the costs and benefits of each alternative. In a structured risk management process, this involves: 1. Identify and analyze the loss exposure. 2. Formulate alternatives to dealing with such exposure 3. Select the apparent best techniques to treat exposure .Implement the decisions made 5. Monitor the effectiveness of the decisions implemented. Those who do not apply a structured process still m ake decisions about risk, although sometimes by default rather than design. For industrial or commercial firm, the objective of risk management may be to maximize profits, or to increase revenue, net worth or perhaps market share over some period, or to achieve a combination of several objectives, or Just to stay in business. Managing a multitude of internal and external risks is one of the most significant challenges facing organization set up today.Insurance serves a number of valuable functions that are largely distinct from other types of financial intermediaries. In order to highlight specifically the unique attributes of insurance, it is worth focusing on those services that are not provided by other financial services providers, excluding for instance the contractual savings features of whole or universal life products. The indemnification and risk pooling properties of insurance facilitate commercial transactions and the provision of credit by mitigating losses as well as th e measurement and management of non diversifier risk more generally.Typically insurance contracts involve small periodic payments in return for protection against uncertain, but potentially severe losses. Among other things, this income smoothing effect helps to avoid excessive and costly bankruptcies and facilitates lending to businesses. The scope of an economy's insurance market affects both the range of available alternatives and the quality of information to support decisions. For example, a manufacturer might produce only for the local market, forgoing more lucrative opportunities in distant markets in order to avoid the risk of losing goods in shipment.Transport insurance can mitigate this loss exposure and enable the manufacturer to expand. Similarly, to avoid the risk of total loss from drought, a commercial farmer may keep half of his seed in reserve. 1. 4 INSURANCE CONTRIBUTION TO AN ORGANIZATION Insurance through effective risk management contribute specialized expertise in the identification and measurement of risk. This expertise enables them to accept carefully specified risks at lower prices than non-specialists. They also have an incentive to collect and analyze information about loss exposures, since the more precisely they measure the cost of risk, the more they can expand.Over the years, the realization of risk management with the help of insurance has contributed enormously in achieving organizational goals severally. For instance, 0 It guarantees as far as possible, that the organization will not be prevented from pursuing its other goals as a result of losses associated with pure risks. 0 It contributes to profit by controlling the cost of risk for the organization 0 It can also reduce expenses through risk control measures (insurance) and as such increasing income.As a result, the insurance market generates price signals not only to manufacturing sector but to the entire economy, helping to allocate resources to more productive uses. In surers also have an incentive to control losses, which is a significant social benefit. Most fundamentally, the availability of insurance enables risk averse individuals, entrepreneurs and organizations to undertake higher risk, higher return activities than they would do in the absence of insurance, promoting higher productivity and growth. . 5 PROBLEM ANALYSIS All manufacturing companies are set up with a primary objective to produce goods that meet the needs of their customers and also to maximize profit. In the process of manufacturing goods the company is often exposed to varying and diverse risk(s) which affects all the factors of production. In as much as these factors are exposed, the logical conclusion is that the income of the company is threatened.Human lives are exposed to industrial injuries which sometimes end up in death, permanent or temporary disability, properties could be destroyed through fire out break or explosions, and liabilities could be incurred arising fro m the consumption of the product. When less emphasis is placed on these loss exposures, it will definitely lead to the demise of the company. This project therefore, will look at the effect of insurance in manufacturing sector and also whether manufacturing companies who place major significant on insurance are successful in their total business effort all other things being equal. . 5 PURPOSE OF STUDY As earlier mentioned, the aim of any manufacturing company is to maximize profit and ensure customer satisfaction. It is quiet obvious that in carrying out production the organization is exposed to so many risks. This study is focused on the effect of insurance in manufacturing these products, in essence, how risks that could not be voided, minimized, reduced or retained can be transferred to insurance companies while the organization focuses its attention to its real business. Our study seeks: 1. To find out how risks/ loss exposures has been managed in Banana breweries 2.To examine the effect of insurance in the development of the organization (Banana Breweries) as a case study 3. To examine risks that they have managed by way of transfer to insurance and how adequate are the various insurance covers. 4. To consider the extent to which insurance has contributed to the attainment of the corporate goals of Banana Breweries 5. To make policy recommendations on how insurance will assist to further develop Banana Breweries, GAMBLE, and The Gambia. 1. 6 RELEVANT RESEARCH QUESTIONS The research exercise is set out to answer the following questions: 1 .What is the level of insurance awareness in the manufacturing sector of The Gambia 2. Does insurance enhance corporate development 3. Has your company ever sustained any unusual, large or unique losses either insured or uninsured 4. Is insurance an effective risk transfer mechanism. Due to time and other constraints, the researchers had to narrow the scope of their duty to Banana Breweries co. Ltd and Gamble in The Gamb ia. The study shall focus on the effect of insurance in the above listed companies as well as its benefits.It will assist the company to continue appreciating the role that insurance plays in their activities, and also serve as a means of reviewing improvement measures in place which hopefully will bring about uncovered areas of loss exposures to their operations. 1. 9 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY All manufacturing companies exist to ensure that the shareholders maximize their wealth. Companies therefore undertake economic activities for profit. However, in heir pursuit of this venture all the factors of production are exposed to one risk or the other.Those study is primarily laying emphasis on the essence of insurance which will significantly aid the manufacturing concern to achieve their broad objectives, through a well coordinated and scientific measurement and assessment of the various risks that the manufacturing company is exposed to. The study will assist the company to continue app reciating the role that insurance plays in their activities, serve as a review of existing measures in place and hope to bring out uncovered areas of risks to their operation.

PWU FORMAT FOR THESIS PROPOSAL Essay

Hypothesis The following hypotheses are (or hypothesis is) formulated for acceptance or rejection: (use null hypothesis) Scope and Limitation of the Study Should include: 1. Focus/ areas/ scope to be assesses/ investigated/ determine/ analyze & where to conduct research 2. Participants( subject or respondents or population) of the study including sampling technique to be used, total number of population/ exclusion/ inclusion/ criteria used if purposive 3. Instrument/s to be used for data gathering (example: questionnaire, interview, observation, etc. One or combination of any chosen tool/s) 4. Statistical treatment of data to use 5. When to conduct the study Significance of the Study Findings and recommendations of this study could be beneficial to the following: School Administrators. Blah†¦.. School of Nursing. Blah†¦ Nursing Students. Blah†¦. Etc†¦ Future Researchers (should be the last) NOTE: Identify who will benefit from your study and how will they benefit from the results of the study Definitions of Terms The following terms are operationally defined within the scope of the study: (Key words can be identified from the title and variables that need to be defined in relation to your study. Remember operational, not conceptual definition.) Chapter 2 (on separate sheet) REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter provides review of related literature and studies, both local and foreign which are related to the study. This chapter should be arranged by topic, integrating both local and foreign literatures and studies. Local Literature – includes primary or secondary related literatures from reference materials such as books, journals/ periodicals, websites, newspaper, speeches, encyclopedia, patient’s medical records, handouts, manuals, etc†¦ Local or Filipino authors Foreign Literature – includes primary or secondary related literatures from reference materials such as books, journals/ periodicals, websites, newspaper, speeches, encyclopedia, nursing literatures, etc with foreign authors, nursing theorists or other theorists from different fields of studies- medicine, psychology, sociology, education, etc that are relevant to your study Local Studies- includes research studies, undergraduate/ graduate theses or doctoral dissertations from Filipino students or researchers, thesis review, abstract of studies, published or unpublished Foreign Studies – as above but with foreign authors, published or unpublished, internet sources (Arranged by topic with sources – author/s and year of publication only ; proper citation ) Synthesis Includes the summary of related literatures and studies, pointing their similarities and differences from your present studies. 1 – 2 pages only. Theoretical Framework If research paradigm is I-P-O (Input- Process- Output), use the General Systems Theory (research on this). If you will use Independent Variables- Dependent Variables, use conceptual theory that will best support your research paradigm. (Figure 1. Research Paradigm (illustration of your research study) must be in one whole sheet, placed at the last page of chapter 2. Explanation of your paradigm or model must be under theoretical framework after the discussion of the framework you will use . Chapter 3 (separate sheet) METHODOLOGY Research Design This study will use the _________________________ research design to (state purpose of the study), (You may define or state the purpose of the study†¦ you may quote the definition from the book and cite your source/s). Participants of the Study Include here the subject/ population of the study†¦ you may copy this part from your scope and limitation. Instrumentation Construction. Include here the type of data gathering tool or method you will use, how are you going to construct your questionnaire, source/s to use or your reference for constructing your tool. Description of the tool†¦ Part I will include †¦..; Part II will consists of†¦. Validity. Mention here who will validate your questionnaire ( at least 3 experts), if you’re going to pretest or conduct pilot test prior to actual study. Data gathering Procedure Include here how you will conduct the study – letter of consent requesting permission to conduct study: Dean, Director of Hosp, Chief Nurse, participants; When to conduct study, manner on how to conduct study – distribution and retrieval of questionnaires. Statistical Treatment of Data What statistical instrument to use†¦ frequency distribution for profile, percentage, measures of central tendencies. What statistical treatment to use for test of hypothesis: t-test, Chi square, Pearson r correlation coefficient, ANOVA, etc†¦ BIBLIOGRAPHY (Separate sheet, center) A. BOOKS (center) Grodner, M., Roth, S. (2005). Foundations and Clinical application of Nutrition: A Nursing Approach. Singapore: Elsevier Pte Ltd., Health Services Asia B. JOURNALS/ PERIODICALS(center) Hughes, A. (2007). â€Å"Pragmatism Rules: The Interventions and Prevention Strategies Used by Psychiatric Nurses Working With Non-Suicidal Self-harming Individuals†. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. Vol. 9, No. 17, pp. 64- 71 C. ELECTRONIC SOURCES (complete website/ internet ad/title/ author and date of retrieval; center) D. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS (Undergrad or grad theses. Doctoral dissertations†¦center) Salang, F. (2009). Determinants of Stressors and Coping Mechanism: Their Relationships. Master’s Thesis, Asia-Pacific College of Advanced Studies, Balanga City E. OTHERS (Handouts, speeches, manuals, hosp/ school manual of policy and procedures, etc.) APPENDICES (separate sheet) Include Sample letters to the Dean, Director of Hosp., etc.., participants, questionnaire/ interview questions, etc. CURRICULUM VITAE (separate sheet) Brief resume with picture NOTE: 1. ALL ENTRIES SHOULD BE ARIAL, FONT SIZE 12, DOUBLE SPACE, JUSTIFY. FOLLOW THE STYLE IN THIS FORMAT. 2. PAGE SHOULD APPEAR ON THE RIGHT UPPER CORNER, NO PAGING ON SHEET WITH â€Å"CHAPTER 1, 2, 3† BUT INCLUDED IN COUNTING OF PAGES (EXAMPLE- Chapter 1 is page 1 but â€Å"1† should not appear in the paper, next page will be the page 2), PAGING SHOULD BE CONTINUOUS UP TO APPENDICES EXCEPT FOR CV. 3. Follow the correct format for Bibliography 4. Related Literature and Studies should be from 2006 up, or otherwise rephrase if your related lit is â€Å"old†. 5. MARGIN: 1.27 INCHES ON TOP, 1.5 LEFT; 1 INCH RIGHT & BOTTOM. 6. EVERY CHAPTER SHOULD START ON A NEW SHEET. 7. SINCE THIS IS A PROPOSAL, DO NOT USE PAST TENSE. 8. Do not use 1st person account such as I, you, me, our..Refer to yourself as the researcher. 9. Do not use block style; 1st sentence for each paragraph must be indented. 10. Appendix should include: 1. Sample Letter : a) Letter of Request to __________ (to request permission to conduct study) ;b) Letter to heads (nurse/ records section, etc..) if needed; c) Letter to Participants (for consent); d) Letter to Validators (if needed) 2. Sample questionnaire

Renaissance Artists Intellectual Life essays

Renaissance Artists Intellectual Life essays Before attempting to answer the question it is important to consider what we mean by early Italian Renaissance. Unlike many periods in history the Renaissance has no obvious start and end dates, for the purposes of this assignment I will define the approximate period within which to look as about 1390 to about 1520. 1390 represents the time when the Carrara court in Padua was gaining an intellectual reputation of excellence, as well as this being about the time that two Roman coin like medals were cast of Francesco II and his father. This represents a typically renaissance trait of looking to antiquities for inspiration, as will be discussed later. The time around 1520 represents when Raphael died this was followed closely by the death of Pope Leo X, the second High Renaissance pope. It is after their deaths that the creative and optimistic mood in Italy began to fade. The decade ending 1520 saw Leonardo da Vinci leaving for France and then dieing there in 1519. There are many other examples that could confirm these dates as significant, and also many more that would dispute them, but for the purposes of simplicity we will take these as a guide. In the beginnings of the Renaissance painting was seen very much as a craft performed by members of the artisan class and not a liberal art. In fact the term artist was not used, as it is today, as a general term meaning painter and sculptor. Artista was a term already in use by Dante, but it was used in reference to a University level graduate of the liberal arts, it is not until the beginning of the sixteenth century that it is used in a context resembling today's usage. The lower status of painting at the beginning of the Renaissance is reflected in the fact that members of the aristocracy or learned class did not generally practice it. A member of the Milanese aristocracy, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffios epitaph stressed that although he was ...

Aesops Fable of the Crow and the Pitcher

Aesops Fable of the Crow and the Pitcher One of Aesops most popular animal stories is this one, of a thirsty and ingenious crow. The text of the fable, from George Fyler Townsend, whose translation of Aesops Fables has been the standard in English since the 19th Century, is this: A Crow perishing with thirst saw a pitcher, and hoping to find water, flew to it with delight. When he reached it, he discovered to his grief that it contained so little water that he could not possibly get at it. He tried everything he could think of to reach the water, but all his efforts were in vain. At last he collected as many stones as he could carry and dropped them one by one with his beak into the pitcher, until he brought the water within his reach and thus saved his life. Necessity is the mother of invention. History of the Fable Aesop, if he existed, was a slave in the seventh century Greece. According to Aristotle, he was born in Thrace. His fable of the Crow and the Pitcher was well known in Greece and in Rome, where mosaics have been found illustrating the crafty crow and the stoic pitcher. The fable was the subject of a poem by Bianor, an ancient Greek poet from Bithynia, who lived under the emperors Augustus and Tiberius in the First Century A.D. Avianus mentions the story 400 years later, and it continues to be cited throughout the Middle Ages. Interpretations of the Fable The morals of Aesops fables have always been appended by translators. Townsend, above, interprets the story of the Crow and the Pitcher to mean that dire circumstance gives rise to innovation. Others have seen in the story the virtue of persistence: The crow must drop many rocks into the pitcher before he can drink. Avianus took the fable as an advertisement for the suave sciences rather than force, writing: This fable shows us that thoughtfulness is superior to brute strength. The Crow and the Pitcher and Science Again and again, historians have noted with wonder that such an ancient tale- already hundreds of years old in Roman times- should document actual crow behavior. Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (77 A.D.) mentions a crow accomplishing the same feat as the one in Aesops story. Experiments with rooks (fellow corvids) in 2009 showed that the birds, presented with the same dilemma as the crow in the fable, made use of the same solution. These findings established that tool use in birds was more common than had been supposed, also that the birds would have had to understand the nature of solids and liquids, and further, that some objects (stones, for example) sink while others float. More Aesops Fables: The Ant and the DoveThe Bee and JupiterThe Cat and VenusThe Fox and the MonkeyThe Lion and the Mouse

Statistics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Statistics - Research Paper Example On average a U.S. adult in-takes twenty two teaspoons of sugar each day, as reported by the American Heart Association, while teens ingest thirty four teaspoons. Around seventeen percent of teens and children in America are obese, and the consumption of sugar has been tripled across the globe during the past fifty years. It has been argued by the researchers that intake of sugar does not only provide a source of empty calories but its consumption may cause the attack of continuing diseases. They can’t be considered as simply calories as developing scientific evidence is demonstrating that fructose can activate processes that extend to liver toxicity and could provide a source of other continual diseases. However consumed in small quantity does not creates problem but too much consumption may slowly lead to death. Research suggests that surplus sugar can modify metabolism, damage liver and elevate blood pressure. In addition, it can have a substantial impact on human mind. It h as also been suggested by research that sugar triggers similar pathways as conventional drugs like heroin and morphine. It has also been suggested by the researchers that various interventions led by government-led that have resulted in reduced tobacco and alcohol consumption can be utilized as models for handling the problem caused by sugar: controlling access, constraining licensing requirements, imposing extraordinary sales taxes on snack bars and vending machines (Horowitz, 2012). Food markets had been intervened by government by the imposition of agricultural taxes and subsidies but all such interventions lacked any association with health. The imposition of fat taxes has provoked several contradicting opinions among interest groups, researchers, general public as well as politicians. Beside the thought that the imposition of a tax on high-calorie food may cause consumers to substitute unhealthy food products with their healthy alternatives, an essential financial motivation ma y also be provided to fast-food restaurants and other food manufacturers to review the dietetic content of the food offered by them. Price is a significant determining factor of diet and food choices. It has been predicted by the economic theory that with the increase in the price of a commodity will lead to the decline in its consumption. Therefore enhancing unhealthy foods prices by imposition of taxation should result in declined consumption of such foods. Experimental data indicate that consumption of food is comparatively unaffected by the changes in price. Furthermore, upon increasing the price of one good, the consumption of complementary products will also decline while the consumption of their substituting commodities increases. Research objectives To explore the impact of income on the body weight of individuals To explore the impact of increased prices of high-calorie food products on the weight of the body of individuals To explore the impact of income and price on the w eight of an individual’s body To what extent Animal Assisted therapy helps nursing home patients. Hypothesis In this study, there are two independent variables i.e., income and price; and one dependent variable i.e. Body weight. Therefore, the hypothesis drawn is as follows. Ho: The human body weight can be

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A Contemporary Artist From The Art 21 PBS Web Site - Assignment Example The essay "A Contemporary Artist From The Art 21 PBS Web Site" discovers the Contemporary Artist in Art 21. The episodes produced in each season have different types of theme like spirituality, identity, power, and humor among others. Some of the contemporary artists featured include Sally Mann, Kerry James, and Mel Chin among others. The first season of Art21 was premiered in 2001 its seasons being produced in every two years and has been able to spread in more than fifty countries. In this context we will cover season six which is the current one in 2012 in which Ai Weiwei was interviewed. He is known to be an outspoken activist of human rights and in this episode he was featured in the theme of change. His art included photographs, sculptures and also public artworks which were about politics. . Ai Weiwei is a Chinese contemporary artist born on 18th May 1957 in Beijing, China. He is one of the founders of Avant-garde art in 1978 to which the group disbanded in 1983 (Ai, 2011). He lived in United States, New York from 1981 to 1993 and studied at Parsons School of Design and also at the Art Student League of New York. He later returned to China and published three books on the new generation of artists. Ai Weiwei received a doctorate from the University of Ghent, Belgium from the faculty of Politics and Social science in 2010.He was arrested in 2011 and detained for three months without any official charges filed against him. He has received many awards which include Skowhegan medal in 2011.

Credit Assessment and Consulting in Rating Agencies Research Paper

Credit Assessment and Consulting in Rating Agencies - Research Paper Example nsulting services whereby debt issuers request rating agencies to direct them on the manner to structure their debt issues with the aim of securing a favorable rating (Crockett, Harris, Mishkin & White, 2004). In such circumstances, the credit-rating agencies are in effect auditing their own work. Moreover, credit-rating agencies may deliver favorable ratings so as acquire extra clients for the ancillary consulting business. Much of the challenges associated with Credit Assessment and Consulting in Rating Agencies relate to the reliability and integrity of ratings. Investors utilize credit ratings that mirror the probability of default to ascertain the creditworthiness of certain debt securities (Langohr & Langohr, 2008). Conflict of interest can yield a decrease in the flow of reliable information centering on either concealment of the information, or dissemination of misleading information (Brooks & Dunn, 2010). This has dire consequences on the value of stakeholder’s benefits. The markets can in some instances ameliorate the impacts of conflicts of interest within financial services firms and cannot always contain the incentives to exploit conflicts of interest. Some of the approaches to remedying conflict of interest encompass: â€Å"leaving it to the market† or letting market forces resolve the conflict by penalizing financial firms that exploit conflict of interest and instituting new institutional means to contain conflict of interest (Brooks & Dunn, 2010). The other approaches encompass regulating for transparency through mandatory disclosure and supervisory oversight. Additional approaches towards remedying conflicts of interest within credit rating agencies encompass separation of functions and socialization of information production. In conclusion, there is a need to enhance accountability of Credit Rating Agencies so as to negate the pitfalls associated with conflict of interest (Werther & Chandler, 2006). Reputation remains one of the key

The Role Of Flexibility In The Work Place Management Essay

The Role Of Flexibility In The Work Place Management Essay Flexibility is a way to help people define how and when work is done, flexibility helps employers and employees work effectively to enable the organisation achieve its objectives. (Simonetta Manfredi, Director, Centre for Diversity Policy Research, Oxford Brookes University.) Flexibility is all about creating a situation where both the employer and employee benefit from the schedule of work, creating a balance between individual needs and delivering of service. (Helen Gibbs, Senior Personnel Adviser, London Borough of Sutton) Flexible working relates to working time, pattern of work and location of work (ACAS PAGE 6). Many employers in united kingdom have introduced a range of flexible working options for their employees. In (2004) the workplace employement relations survey (WERS) discovered that a good number of employees ( over 70 percent) gave some kind of flexible working option to employees and these has increased from the results of the survey carried out by workplace employme nt relations survey in 1998 ( Kersley et al, 2005). These increase in flexible working option by employers was propelled as a result of growing need for work life balance ( Bailyn et al, 2001). In the United Kingdom, legistlative support for parents who have young children that are disabled these would enable them to adapt a more flexible working practise because they offer employees the opportunity to choose where and where they want to work Vlasios Sarantinos (2007). For flexible working practise to work effectively there must be a transparent and accessible process that will be used to manage flexible request made by employees, this enables employees feel that the organisation is treating them fairly and their request for a different type of working arrangement is being looked into. In these essay i am going to be critically reviewing the role that flexibility can play in the work place. Building the culture Theres a clear set of shared values, including the service user comes first, and people mean business. Service users come to the office regularly so that backroom employees can meet them and have a sense of what the service is about. These values underpin the companys approach to flexible working. Employees feel they belong to something and are pushed to achieve their full potential. Management is hands on: managers will not hand work out to their staff unless they are able to do the work themselves. All managers have to do a care shift once a month so they dont lose touch with the needs of service users and employees. Internal communication is reinforced by open days, where the chief executive meets staff informally. Thirty per cent of managers diary time is non-prescribed, so as to leave time for informal contact with their staff. Peoples opinions are listened to. The number of managers has been halved from 24 to 12 and the company aims to recruit its managers from within. Finance Manager Steve Tuck believes that employees are motivated by seeing the improvement in the quality of life of service users. Its not unknown for people to take clients home for a meal. Put in ur own words. There are various forms of flexibility which organisations used to engage employees in an organisation Functional flexibility: These type of flexibility allows employees to make use of their competencies and skills to enable them move freely across the different channels of production. This type of flexibility is likely to be desired when the employee no longer has stable relationship with the organisation and it relies on training across the channels of production. Numerical flexibility: These flexibility depends on the ability of the organisation to increase or decrease its labour number as it chooses by hiring some temporary workers and employing people who will be given fixed contracts. Temporal flexibility: This type of flexibility involves adjustement of working hours to meet demands of production, part time working could be engaged in to handle intense peaks when needed. Financial flexibility: In financial flexibility labour cost is reduced with efforts put in by the organisation to secure profit making. Vlasios Sarantinos (2007) Below are examples of flexible working practise which employees make use of in an organisation: Part-time working: Its a form of work where employees are under a contract to work for less than the full time hours Term-time working: . in this working arrangement a staff remains on his or her permanent contract but can take paid/unpaid leave during school holidays. Job-sharing: This is a type of working arrangement where a job task is shared between two or more employees. Flexitime: in this working arrangements staffs are allowed to choose within a given time frame when they want to begin and end their work. Compressed hours: Compressed hours involve re allocating or reducing the set working hours into fewer and longer blocks during the week. Annual hours: The set time within which full-time staffs must work is defined over a whole year. Working from home on a regular basis: in this working arrangement the employees have a choice to work from home and report outcomes to their supervisor. Mobile working/teleworking: This allows staffs to work all or part of their working week at a location remote from the employers workplace. Career breaks: This are period in which the employee is allowed to go on break, it may be a career break or sabbatical. Chattered institute of personnel and development (2005) Flexibility is seen to be important in workplace to both employers and employees because it gives them an opportunity to organise the way they work in a way that will be comfortable with their personal lives. For employers flexible working can help retain staff who have the required and skill required by the employer, it also widens the talent pool in the job market enabling them to recruits potential workers with more skill and still retain the staffs that are loyal and committed which can lead to an increase in productivity and profitability(Confederation of British Industry 2009). Employers have realised that in order to provide quality services when needed by customers a flexible working system that involves the two parties is needed which makes the workforce flexible enough to adapt to changing business conditions. Recession has had an effect on organisation layout and operations causing a lot of people to loose their job and holding unto whatever they can lay their hands on. Th e effect recession has on flexible working can be viewed as both negative and positive. Negative, because it has led to an increase in the number of people working part time that would love to take up a full time job and positive from the employers perspective because employers respond to more flexibility which indicates that that there is a tendency for organisations to embrace flexible working to have as a new way of working in the organisation. We need increased flexibility in the work place if the economy is to return back to stable and sustained growth, and in order to do this we need to develop all resources available especially man power to help increase productivity and give the economy a competitive advantage. Employers may find it expensive introducing flexible working because of the cost it might incur, the business premises may have to be open for a longer period of time thereby increasing cost of heating and lightning(Confederation of British Industry 2009) . Flexible w orking also plays an important role to employees because it enables them to balance their job at work alongside their responsibilities at home because in the society today both men and women want flexible jobs which involves minimal travel to enable them share the responsibilities of raising a family. Flexible working improves the moral of employees and gives some a feeling of worth, it also reduces absence and lateness to work(The Women and Work Commission 2006) Flexible working has been seen to affect business by playing an important role to make sure that shifts are fully covered and services are maintained flexible working is needed in organisations ( British chambers of commerce, 2007). A flexible human capital practise makes organisations more stable, skilled and enthusiastic free from distractions, flexible working practisces helps organisations to attract talents, with the difference in generation of workers with varying lifestyle and working conditions, companies have to re organise their recruitment efforts, benefits plan, productivity incentives, work processes and work schedules in order to recruit qualified hands. Technological advancement also require that we think of how we can connect with people more effectively, organise teams and measure employees work performance when they work from home. Focused and talented employees who are on flexible schedules are likely to give out their best and be more committed to the goals and ob jectives of the organisation and deliver great value to customers who when satisfied continue to patronize the organisation thereby improving sales and boosting the companys image. flexibility also helps reduce cost associated with health care, overhead, labor, turn over and legal fees. Cost involved with labor can be reduced and profitability can be increased by using a flexible human capital practise in which you boost the output of one employee and efficiency among groups across the organisation and reduce waste as a result of poor concentration, loss of work time and mistakes.it reduces labor cost for the same output thereby increasing profitability. Flexibility also reduces health care cost because staffs have sufficient resources to meet the demands when they have control of planning their time, these flexible working practise reduces stress and depression faced by most employees which directly reduces health cost of the company. BOOK IMPACT OF FLEXIBILITY ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE. To raise morale and job satisfaction: flexible working increases the morale of employers to perform at their utmost best because they feel they are treated as adults who have control of their life and their time and they tend to perform at their utmost best when they are at work. To improve productivity/Quality : the need for producing a good quality product must be of paramount importance because there are cost associated with poor quality which dents the image of the organisation and makes customers unsatisfied, flexible working arrangement ensures fresh and capable hands at the production line at all times. When an employer is worn out down and his her shift is over another employee takes and continues the process of production.It also inspires and increases commitment an loyalty from staffs( Alison and Lou, 2001) Opposing flexibility Traditionally, flexibility has been seen as a characteristic of poor quality jobs (see for example De Witte, 1999; Nolan et al, 2000; Purcell et al, 1999), where employers have sought to achieve organisational flexibility by means of using non-standard working practices, such as part-time work and temporary employment. Reduced absence and employee turnover: Flexible working enables employees to take care of their personal obligations leading to a decrease in frequent absenteeism because they have more options to which their time can be managed and it helps skilled workers remain in the organisation because staffs are more likely to stay in the organisation. (British chambers of commerce, 2007). Reduced training costs : by introducing flexible working organisations retain trained employees there by saving up expenses that would have been used in training new staffs if the trained staffs were to exit. Promoting customer satisfaction: Customer satisfaction can be improved where, customer service hours can be extended or shifted to periods when it is most required, and Workers with different skills can be attracted and retained because of the flexible work system in the organisation to help respond to diverse customer requirements. ( Success with flexible working practices, 1997). Book success with flexible work practise. Flexibility has been seen traditionally to characterise poor quality jobs De witte, 1999, Nolan et al, 2000; Purcell et al, 1999) because employers try to achieve flexible working environment in the organisation by using working practices that are not up to standard, It might have been predicted generally that access to flexible working arrangement would impact job satisfaction positively, it has also been discovered that a higher sense of responsibility and work completion affects job satisfaction positively ( Hyman and Summers, 2004; Igbaria and Guiraraes, 1999), However findings on the effect of remote working on job satisfaction varied, In some studies lack of social interaction has lead to a negative impact on job satisfaction due to feelings of isolation ( igbaria and Guimaraes, 1999), while some people tend to have a higher job satisfaction ( Baruch,2000). Igbaria meant that employees working in remote locations may perform low because they are not satisfied with their job and this may be due the fact that they have no one to interact with however Baruch said that some employees may actually enjoy working in remote locations and it tends to enchance their job performance. Flexible working offers employees choices to help them achieve a work life balance that is satisfactory. Stress which is one of the problems employees face has been linked to flexible working but flexible working does not seem to have an effect on reducing stress levels. Stress and anxiety may also be created by flexible working because an employee that works for a smaller amount of time or hours reduces but still has the same level of workload as someone working full time this tends to put pressure on the employee which might stress him or her out trying to cope with the work load (Dr Claire and Deirdre, 2008) It has been suggested by some researchers that people who spend more time working remotely tend to have lower job stress ( Raghuram and Wiesenfeld, 2004) however (Mann and Holdsworth, 2003) said that people working remotely show more signs of mental ill health than those working in organisational premises. Some evidence was found by Tietze and musson (2005) of some worker who work remotely experiencing stress, they tend to experience stress which was linked with the self organisation required of their work, because it created new demands on them. An analysis linked to stress pointed the fact that flexible working time or flex time affected absenteeism positively, while compressed working practise had no effect Baltes et al, (1999).Baltes was saying that when workers were allowed to work with flexitime that means choosing when to resume and close work within a set time frame that it enabled them to always show up for work because they could adjust their schedule to meet up with the ti me they choose and that compressed working did not affect absenteeism positively or negatively. Remote workers were worried about the lack of opportunities to develop themselves which the employer denied them having including mentoring from senior colleagues and informal learning Cooper and Kurland (2002). Cooper discovered that concerns began to grow among workers working remotely that their absence was not felt by the organisation and they were neglected with no further course or training to further develop their skills, and because of these flexible workers tend to have lower long term career potential Frank and Lowe (2003).Although Mc Closkey and igbaria (2003) brought a contrasting a view saying dat flexible working had no direct or indirect effect on career prospects of employees. Cohen and Single (2001) found that professional staffs who worked reduced working hours were less able to spend time developing their skill which is one of the business factors important for a succes full career(Dr Claire and Deirdre, 2008). Meaning that the less time professional workers spend in their workplace the less opportunity they get to learn new things. Business impact of flexible working The companys policies towards flexible working are reflected in its business outcomes. Since 1997, employment at the company has gone up from 60 to 280 staff and turnover has increased from  £1 million to  £9.5 million. Sickness absence has been reduced to 0.6 days a year, well below that for the care sector as a whole, which produces significant financial savings. The company also sees direct benefits in terms of staff recruitment and retention. Sandwell CCT came second in the Sunday Times 100 best companies to work for list in 2007, and first nationally in the work-life balance category. It also came first in the categories of managers who listen, managers motivating staff to give their best and training making a difference. It believes that this success has boosted the companys image as an employer. Employee turnover at Sandwell CCT is now 4%, compared with 20% or more across the care sector generally. Because staff enjoy their jobs, there is a high level of employee engagemen t and this is reflected in the quality of service and value for money. PUT IN UR OWN WORDS.