The Issue Of Gun Control - 1932 Words

Adam Minniear Ms. Revenaugh English 9, period 6 10 December 2015 Mo Guns, Mo Problems On July 23, 2015, a 59-year-old man with a history of mental and legal problems shot up a movie theater in Lafayette, Louisiana(â€Å"Shootings Expose Gaps in Background Check System†). Even more shocking than this is the fact that the gun this man had purchased was purchased legally through a loophole in the current gun control regulations, which is exactly why these regulations must be tightened. What is gun control you might ask? Well, gun control is what the government has done to handle how a gun is made, how it is sold, and what citizens can and cannot do with a gun. Gun control is very important to society because if we didn’t have it, not just America, but the world would be anarchy since there wouldn’t be any laws that say that a person cannot go shoot up a school or shoot an innocent man on the streets. So basically, without gun control, anybody could do anything with a gun. As stated above, gun control is important to society because if we didn’ t have it, it would allow anybody to do anything with a gun. So we need gun control to ensure our safety and to ensure that our world doesn’t breakout into anarchy. One example of gun control in action would be that in the 1990 s, ordinary people were not allowed to carry around a gun in most places. But then in 1987 almost all local governments allowed the citizens to carry guns. Then in the later 1990 s, the governments started to blameShow MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussions, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for ho w American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on other people to get his or her hands on a gun.† (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason why this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tragedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ g uns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigger a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In today’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in t he news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

Bipolar I Disorder Group And The Control Group - 873 Words

According to Dbsalliance.org. bipolar I disorder is characterized by one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes and one or more major depressive episodes. Bipolar I disorder is the most severe form of illness marked by extreme manic episodes (Types of Bipolar Disorder). In the experiment, Understanding Creativity in Bipolar I Disorder, the experimenters hypothesized that bipolar I disorder would be related to elevations of and greater variability in lifetime creative accomplishment and divergent thinking In this experiment, there were two groups which were the bipolar I disorder group and the control group. The experimenters examined if divergent thinking within the bipolar group was related to positive affectivity, ambition, medication, or depressive and manic symptom severity. They also examined if trait like levels of positive affectivity, neurocognition and ambition were related to either divergent thinking or lifetime creative accomplishment within bipolar disorder. In this experiment there were 62 participants that were diagnosed with bipolar 1 disorder and 50 control participants that had no diagnosis of a lifetime mood disorder. The people that were participating were recruited from the Bay Area Community in California. Everyone was fluent English speakers and ranged between 18 and 65 years old. Neither with no history of brain injury or medical conditions of the central nervous system and no show of impaired mental status or developmental disability. EveryShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Creativity Of Bipolar I Disorder1009 Words   |  5 PagesIn the experiment, Understanding Creativity in Bipolar I Disorder, the experimenters hypothesized that bipolar I disorder would be related to elevations of and greater variability in lifetime creative accomplishment and divergent thinking In this experiment, there were two groups which were the bipolar I disorder group and the control group. The experimenters examined if divergent thinking within the bi polar group was related to positive affectivity, ambition, medication, or depressive and manicRead MoreBipolar Is A Roller Coaster Of High And Low Emotions1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe mood disorder of bipolar is a roller coaster of high and low emotions. Bipolar has many different components and can manifest as either Bipolar I or Bipolar ( Oltmanns Emery, 2015) Bipolar I is described as having one manic episode. ( Oltmanns Emery ,2015) Mania is a disturbance in mood characterized by symptoms as elation, higher self-esteem, hyperactivity and expedited thought process. (Oltmanns Emery, 2015) To have Bipolar II, a person must have at least one depressive episodeRead MoreBipolar Dissorder: A Brief Summary Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe event of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. Records have shown that this problem can appear in almost anyone. It is clear that in our social world many people live with bipolar disorder. Regardless of the number of people suffering from the disease, we are still waiting for an explanation regarding the causes and cure. One fact of which we are aware, is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational successRead MoreApplication Of Clients Name1636 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"down† and even thought of hurting herself, but this was her first suicide attempt. The client claim that she does not use illicit drugs, but often does drink; client brought proof of a negative drug screen from Shepherd Hill. Tonya made the statement, â€Å"I have always been a realistic person, but most people just call me negative.† Client states she has often had â€Å"bad mood swings† where she will be her â€Å"normal† self then suddenly she would have bursts of energy lasting up to a month at a time, followedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1422 Words   |  6 Pagesleast two million Americans, or between 1 to 2 percent of the population, suffer from bipolar disorder. Catherine Zeta-Jones, Virginia Woolf, and Vincent Van Gogh are just a few famous examples known to have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (Bhatia, 2014). According to Nick Craddock (1999) of The Journal of Medical Genetics, â€Å"bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive illness, is a complex genetic disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elationRead MoreDiagnosing the Bipolar Disorders Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disord er, or manic-depressive disorder, is a disorder characterized by extreme mood changes. A person suffering from this disorder can go from being energetic and outgoing to feeling worthless and irritated anywhere between a few days to a couple of months, or even years. Diagnosis, treatment, and the dramatic changes cause a threat to the victim. People with bipolar disorder may try to kill themselves or engage in reckless behaviors depending on which stage they are in (Hassel et al 2009Read MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Bipolar Disorder1345 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 57 million adult Americans, (Bipolar Disorder Statistics, 2016). It is more common for this disorder to affect adults rather than adolescent, with the onset age being somewhere around 25 years of age. Often time people live with disorder without having it properly diagnosed and treatedRead More Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Essay example1517 Words   |  7 Pagesticket to Morocco. However before she could fly over her friends from the restaurant convinced her to stay one more day so they could say goodbye. However, instead they took her to see a clinical psychologist who focused on mood disorders, especially Bipolar Disorder. The therapist found out from her that her Aunt (biological mother’s sister) had moments where she had fun extreme ideas when Maria was about 12 years old an d they would go out and just do whatever idea her Aunt came up with. As wellRead More The Bipolar Brain and the Creative Mind Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bipolar Brain and the Creative Mind Our hospital was famous and had housed many great poets and singers. Did the hospital specialize in poets and singers, or was it that poets and singers specialized in madness? ... What is it about meter and cadence and rhythm that makes their makers mad? (1) The link between madness and creativity is one that has been hotly debated in both medical and literary circles for a long time. The two most common types of mental illness theorized to be anRead MoreThe Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder, Annotated Bibliography854 Words   |  4 PagesTHE LINK BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND BIPOLAR DISORDER The Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder Creativity is related with bipolar disorder is a popular assumption. The fact that many creative people, including Van Gogh, Ernest Hemingway, Leo Tolstoy, and Sylvia Plath, suffered from some kind of mental disorders triggers that idea. Psychologists have been interested in this contingent link for decades. In this paper, after defining both terms, I examine three articles that report

Events Managements

Questions: 1. Identify the key stakeholders of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow and briefly outline their motivations and roles. Define a stakeholder, list all the stakeholders and choose about three to four to further talk about them and their roles.2. Critically evaluate the positive and negative impacts the Commonwealth Games have had on Glasgow and how they are being measured. (Explaining outcomes using examples and explaining economic, social, environmental and physical challenges).3. What lessons can be learnt from Glasgow for other commonwealth countries who are considering bidding for the Games in future years? Answers: Introduction It has been indicated by evidence that no previous country as a host has shown a positive impact of health sustainability resulting from a main sports event. Holding this event was not enough for making sure that health will be improvised. A legacy plan needed to be established even before the process of planning (Potter 1998). An assessment from health impact was done in the year 2008 which was followed by a successful big from Glasgow for hosting the common wealth games in the year 2014 and suggestions were made for the important stakeholders as partners for considering the plan to implement and obtain a positive influence that can help in mitigating the potential negative influence of the event. Glasgow center for health consideration of population, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde along with the council of Glasgow city commissioned the progressive and Dudleston Harkins Research Society Ltd for assessing HIA effectiveness in influencing the sports events legacy (Lee et al 2005). This also helped in appropriately understanding the way in which HIAs generally are used as effective techniques for promoting health. The general aim of this essay lies in evaluating the sports event hosted by Glasgow 2014 in terms of important stakeholders for the event with their main responsibility and role in the project, evaluating the beneficial and disadvantageous influences of the Games on the city of Glasgow and the way in which they can be measured economically, socially, environmentally and physically along with evaluating the consequence of the project to understand its impact for other countries bidding to host for common wealth games in the future (Glasgow 2014). The scope of this essay lies in analyzing environmental emissions (both direct and indirect either after or before), advantages and disadvantages of hosting such as event, how the impact can be measured along with the Type of Model used by Glasgow and other models that other countries can choose from. 1. The Common Wealth Games, 2014, hosted by Glasgow was supported by various members such as the Scottish Government and the committee that helped in organizing the event. Definition of Stakeholders: As per the definition provided by business dictionary.com, Stakeholders are those individuals or parties who have a concern towards an organization and are part of the organization. These stakeholders do not have equal position in the company but their participation to the functions and operations of a company helps the company to grow profits. These stakeholders have a share in the profit of a company and are also responsible to share the companys loss. Main Stakeholders List of Glasgow 2014 NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Glasgow center for Population health Glasgow University medical research council Population Health Glasgow centre NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit Scottish Health Impact Network of assessment Glasgow Centre for International Futures Forum Social Care Executive Members Roles and Responsibility The assessment of Health Impact of the Sports event was done by the council of Glasgow city, Population Health Glasgow center, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit. Scoping Event was supported by Scottish Health Impact Network of assessment, Glasgow Centre for International Futures Forum (Andrew Lyon), Social Care Executive Member (Councilor Archie Graham), substance (Adam Brown) and ECOTEC (Clare Johnson). Community engagement was supported by stakeholders namely, Scottish Center for community development, Coordinators from Glasgow community planning partnership engagement network, Council of students from Glasgow and several individual and community members who volunteered in the event. Feedback of the event was supported and given by Archie Graham (Social care and Commonwealth games Executive Member, Council of Glasgow city (2014 team) and coordinators from partnership engagement (Fidell et al 2000). Steering group multiagency helped in guiding the work were Glasgow Culture and Sport center, Greater Glasgow NHS, City council and development and regeneration services of Glasgow. Stakeholder Motivation The following are the 3 important motivations for all the stakeholders which came from various concerns that the city of Glasgow in terms of its health position was facing. 1. The first concern was the weak position of health quality in the city in comparison to other Scotland cities and well known areas of UK. Mortality of infants has also reduced in the city since the past 3 decades (Hallenback 2009).2. Another concern was the problems such as smoking levels being relatively high, levels of obesity, levels of physical activity being less and alcohol consumption along with illicit drug usage in the city being high. Such health behavior trends have been known to have an adverse impact on the diseases in future and the levels of mortality. All the stakeholders along with their roles were highly motivated to bring the health quality of Glasgow at a common high individually and collectively (Hensher DABA 2001).3. Furthermore, the stakeholders had complete knowledge of the observation that HIA applies a qualitative and quantitative proof inclusive of perceptions from stakeholders and their experience in order to develop options that can enhance the positive influence and negate completely the negative influence. 2. Positive Impacts Social benefit: The main areas of potential influence were identified from the events scope which especially remained in enhancing employment opportunities and employment ability. Economic benefit: This would in turn positively influence the image of Glasgow city in terms of regenerating the city, pride of civic apprehension, peoples health and their well-being, developing infrastructure, enhancing environment and various themes to cross cut such as engaging community, inequalities being tackled and cohesion of community (Giuliano 2008). Environmental Benefits: However, prior to the event, positive evidences were gathered in order to analyze the positive influence of the Games to be true or false. Evidence 1: Survey from household- This survey explicitly resulted in stating that Glasgow citizens completely believed in this event to have a positive influence on the people at a larger scale such as the belief of people on the event to bring healthy impact for them and their families. Evidence 2: Reviewing Systematically- This review helped in understanding the influence of main multiple events on sports from the year 1978 to the year 2008 over health determinants. The findings reported to the steering group of HIA that the evident quality was low but there were identified gaps when examining the consequences (Gardiner 2008). However the positive impact of the review can be exclaimed from economic diversity of the city with its image enhancement. From this perspective it can be stated that an established process such as an HIA for professionals in public health domain help in informing the makers of policy with provided evidences. This is especially significant for intervention in the society not specifically aimed at generation of effective health. Negative Impacts Economic and Social Influence: Even after a wide range of potential positive impacts, there unfortunately is also lacking evidence for many of the needed influences. There is especially inadequate proof for impact attribution to such events instead of several other trends. Environmental Influence: From this perspective, even after the abundant data present over prior multi events of sports, academic research robust around such games legacy is rare. Such a large event being hosted can cause a large footprint environmentally with regard to creation of waste, needed travelling and excess consumption of food and drinks. Financial Influence: More capital can be wasted if consideration is not given to infrastructure development taking place with regard to long term benefits of the construction. Initiatives of regeneration have a tendency to be positive along with being negative. Forceful eviction and forceful relocation are some similar negative impacts of such a scenario (Gardiner 2006). Political Influence: Lacking coordination present between the sector of public and private. More focus on internal structure of the city with lacking wider areas integration. Constructing buildings permanently that were very large for use every-day Measuring impact is needed for determining the real impact and to under if the process of HIA has influenced the process of decision making. It is evident that the event will critically impact health of people by influencing the economic ability, civic pride, decision making engagement, new infrastructure provision and cultural event participation promotion (Kemp 2012). However, it was challenging to deliver precise estimation of these influences because from similar intervention, there is no qualitative evidence present. Using the Community Engagement National standards and a tool named as VOiCE (Visioning outcome in community engagement) were applied alongside the Development Center for Scottish Community. Outcomes using examples The main strength of the Common wealth Games remained in program planning, use of several methods, working collaboratively, share data and feedback being provided. The final score of the evaluation resulted in 5 out of 6 indicating an excellent performance with main strengths remaining related to the Standards of Nation along with stated outcomes achievement. This was available proved by the following Examples: Example: Safer Routes for Travelling Actively was evident as an essential outcome of the HIA. Infrastructure of transport improved in terms of access, pollution issues and standards of safety. This was the result of emerging infrastructure requirement, reviews conducted systematically and from the consultation phase of stakeholders. The program faced several Challenges of Economic, social, environmental and physical nature as follows Social and Economic: Improving the population health especially to prevent obesity is challenging for Scotland because it already is ranked the second amongst obesity level developed nations along with no improvements being shown. Example: Before the Olympic games of Sydney the obesity levels increased and also after the games. There has been no guarantee that a main event of sports will result in positive influence being gained socially and economically for the nation hosting the event. Furthermore, it is also argued that the benefits for the host nation are often lost (Lee et al 2007). There is no influence that will take place automatically on activities in the society which are non-sport based. Other challenges are inclusive of delivery alignment and legacy alignment, expectations being unmanageable, caution and ambition being mix reasonably, developments are linked and HIA is not enough for planning the legacy especially for engagement of community. Environmental: During the time of construction, noise pollution will be the main challenge as it can lead to stress for other people. Stocks of housing do not yield long term sustainability and the need to build green houses will require further planning. Pollution due to traffic congestion is another significant challenge (Waitt 2001). Physical: According to the Poll results from YouGov, more than 70 percent population still will not be motivated for doing more exercises even when life of people depends on the same. Any improvement in health, levels of activity of lifestyle have been shown by no other nations hosting common wealth games according to Chief Medical Officer, London 2012 (Owen 2002). Very less information is present of the influence of this event on development of sport in the local area, regions and at the level of nation. Furthermore, health benefits related to games are not known yet. 3. What went well with Glasgow was the simplicity offered to its citizens through hosting a sports event at an international level. Also, the positive impact was simple but results in complicated outcomes that need to be addressed as per the recommendations. Communities involved in making decisions on facilities establishment and up gradation to ensure that the requirements in the local environment are met. Every facility was ensured to have a process in place for the involved communities in alignment with making decisions with the Community Engagement National Standards (Friedman et al 2010). More requirement for facilities helped in motivating the enhancement in physical activities. However the conduction of HIA was the main efforts made by Glasgow inclusive of themes mapping for Framework of Legacy revealing certain essential lessons learnt with regard to HIAs in future. The main challenge related to this HIA and the associated framework of legacy was to ensure main partners are taking up the role and responsibility as per the suggestions. Outlined stakeholders also faced issues in making sure that the steps are taken under specific actions with the National Standards in order to make sure that the process is properly monitored (OBrien 2009). It was also suggested as such there needs to be a main group that sits above every organization involved in the process in order to side by side govern the assessment process and eventual recommend the way in which monitoring can be done of the implementation process fruitfully. Glasgow while hosting the event made sure that all the involved members understood this HIA in the appropriate manner and were aware that the proc ess is an approach to collect comprehensive work pieces that involved various stages such as reviewing literature and consulting the community. Environment emissions with regard to the legacy of environment for the Games in 2014 aiming to not only be an exemplar but also environmental sustainability through natural resources efficient usage, low-carbon promotion and several technologies preferred environment (Gardiner 2006). There were various particular measure of environment for the Games 2014 inclusive of zones with lower emission around the venues of 2014, venues free from car, vehicles with higher technologies and renewable energy usage. Policy consideration for sustainability in construction was essential to design buildings at a lower use of energy. Various potential impacts of negative nature to the local environment are inclusive of noise pollution, pollution from dust and vibrating due to activities of construction. The associated regeneration with the games needs to be an example that helps in promotion of urban design sustainability encouraging travel and physical activity. Therefore, knowledge refreshment amongst stakeholders or introduction of HIA as a concept or model along with its influence over policy to newly recruited staff can help in making sure that the HIA has an advanced impact and it also removes the HIA perception not being applicable still. The type of Model used by Glasgow, 2014 while hosting the common wealth games was Health Impact assessment model which is the systematic process to identify the differential proposed plans and projects health and wellbeing influence (Gardiner 2006). This took place in democracy, equity, sustainability and ethical usage for framework of evidences. This tool was used to positively influence the decision making process. Understanding the properly complicated and political environment that surrounds the HIA development and implementation is important for making sure that the recommended change has been implemented. This illustrated that HIA is significant to conduct HIA that can match along with map the current structure of policy. Conclusion This essay has been based on various factors considered when Glasgow 2014 hosted the common wealth Games. These factors were related to social, environmental, political and economic along with physical challenges that the event had to face. In addition, more focus in this essay has been given to the way in which the program was evaluated and what was presented in the outcome. The model of HIA has been taken evidently in order to attain the resulting consequence in the health quality domain (Gardiner 2006). Additionally, the HIA process was comprehensive with thoroughness in nature and the process helped in making use of current networks and present findings in concise manner, resonated manner and in accordance to the solutions from several evaluations and consultations community. From the legacy frameworks outlined themes, the organizations and nations in the future will be successful in hosting common wealth games for health benefits through recommended frameworks (Gardiner 2006). H owever, as the population is growing rapidly it becomes important to review and learn from such events in order to make sure that there are beneficial requirements of health obtained for every population group through hosting such sports events. References 1. Glasgow 2014, 2014, Delivering a lasting legacy for Scotland: analysis of consultation responses, Scottish Government (Available at https://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/253682/0075174.pdf.)2. Lee, BK., Jun, NY., Lee, HK., 2005, Analysis of impacts on urban air quality by restricting the operation of passenger vehicles during Asian Game events in Busan, Korea. Atmospheric Environment, 39, pp 2323-2338.3. Potter, CSJ., 1998, Assessing the impacts of transportation on ambient air quality: the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Washington, D.C, Transportation Research Board4. Fidell, S., Pearsons, K., Tabachnick, BG., Howe, R., 2000, Effects on sleep disturbance of changes in aircraft noise near three airports. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107: 2535-47.5. Hallenbeck, ME., 2009, Traffic impacts during the Goodwill Games : final report, Research Project GC8719, Task 29, Goodwill Games Traffic Impacts. [Olympia, Wash.?]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Resear ch and Public Transportation Division, in cooperation with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration 6. Hensher DABA, 2001, Going for gold at the Sydney Olympics: how did transport perform? [Sydney, N.S.W.]: Institute of Transport Studies, Australian Key Centre in Transport Management, the University of Sydney and Monash University 7. Giuliano, G., 2006, Changes in travel demand characteristics during the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Irvine, Calif.: Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California 8. Gardiner, S., 2008, Creating sustainable mega event impacts: networking and relationship development through pre-event training. Sport Management Review, 9:25-47.9.Kemp, S., 2012, The Hidden Workforce: Volunteers' Learning in the Olympics. Journal of European Industrial Training, 26, pp 109-116. 9. Kemp, S., 2012, The Hidden Workforce: Volunteers' Learning in the Olympics. Journal of European Industrial Training, 26, pp 109-116. 10. Friedman, MS., Powell, KE., Hutwagner, L., Graham, LM., Teague, WG., 2010, Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 285:897-905. 11. Lee, JT., Son, JY., Cho, YS., 2007, Benefits of mitigated ambient air quality due to transportation control on childhood asthma hospitalization during the 2002 summer Asian games in Busan, Korea. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association, 57, 968-73. 12. Waitt, G., 2001, The Olympic spirit and civic boosterism: the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Tourism geographies, 3, pp 249-278. 13. Owen, K., 2002, The Sydney 2000 Olympics and urban entrepreneurialism: local variations in urban governance. Australian geographical studies, 40, pp 323-36.14. O' Brien, DJ., 2009, Strategic business leveraging of a mega sport event: the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games experience. Gold Coast, Qld.: CRC for Sustainable Tourism 15 Gardiner, S., 2006, Creating sustainable mega event impacts: networking and relationship development through pre-event training. Sport Management Review, 9:25-47. 16. Searle, G., 2007, Uncertain legacy: Sydney's Olympic stadiums. European Planning Studies, 10, 845-60

The Campaign Of 1812 Should Have Been A Another Crusade For Essays

The Campaign of 1812 should have been a another crusade for Napoleon, but he now faced 2 new policies that he had never faced before, the severe Russian winter and the notorious scorched-earth policy. On June 23, 1812 Napoleon's Grande Armee, over 500,000 men strong, poured over the Russian border. An equal amount of Russian forces awaited them. The result of the campaign was a surprise. Two authors, General carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, show similarities in reasons why Napoleon had lost this campaign to Russia. Napoleon believed that after a few quick victorious battles, he could convince Alexander to return to the Continental System. He also decided that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would crumple and ask for peace. " A single blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will instantly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy." pg 6, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. This was his belief he expressed in March 1812. However, when Napoleon eventually took over Moscow, the Tsar still did not surrender. Napoleon, sent a message to the Tsar, demanding a immediate surrender. However, the Tsar could not surrender because if he did, he would be assassinated by the nobles. Clausewitz replies by saying," Napoleon was unable to grasp the fact that Alexander would not, could not negotiate. The Tsar knew well that he would be disposed and assassinated if he tried so." pg 256, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia. General Clausewitz said, "Napoleon believed if he defeated the Russian Army and occupied Moscow, the Russian leadership will fall apart and the government would call for peace." pg 253, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also agreed that Napoleon's occupation had no result. " The occupation of Napoleon in Moscow did not have a effect on the government." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia With his battle plan set, Napoleon prepared his troops for the attack on Russia. But, Napoleon did not consider the fierce Russian winter which awaited him. According to Ludwig Wilhelm Gottlob Schlosser, a onlooker, he described the army by saying, "The French, down to the lowliest drummer were very fastidious. These poor French devils were not satisfied with less than soup, meat and vegetables, roast, and salad for their midday meal, and there was no sign of their famous frugality. They were completely devoid of the coming winter." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon was even warned by General Rapp about the extremities of the oncoming winter in Russia. "The natives say we shall have a severe winter," Napoleon retorted scornfully," Bah! You and your natives! We shall see how fine it is." pg 147, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon should have heeded Rapp's words. As the Grand Armee marched toward Moscow, many horses and men were lost in the freezing snow, and for those who remained, their morale and effectiveness was at the nadir. General Clausewitz states his point by saying, " With more precaution and better regulations as to subsistence, with more careful consideration of his marches, which would have prevented the unnecessary and enormous accumulation of masses on one and the same road, he would have preserved his army in a more effective condition." pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also shared the same opinion, " Napoleon appeared to have made no effort to discover the facts in Russia, or prepare his troops for it." pg 140, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. As Napoleon and his army was making their way to Moscow, they encountered typhus, colds, and dysentery. Even the mighty Napoleon had caught a mild case of the flu. However, his soldiers had received the brunt of the attack. Captain Thomas- Joesph Aubry relives this ordeal, " After this the typhus made appalling inroads in our ranks. We were fourty-three officers in our ward. All of them died, one after the other, and delirious from this dreadful disease, most of them singing, some in Latin, others in German, others again in Italian - and singing psalms, canticles, or the mass." pg 210, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia General Clausewitz wrote, " The bad water and the air-borne insects caused dysentery, typhus, and diarrhea." pg 136, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also wrote, " Bad water, bad air, and bad sanitation all contributed to the vile diseases." pg 213 1812, Napoleon's defeat in Russia. Napoleon had lost about 80,000 men altogether from diseases alone. But there were some remedies for the sick, doctors provided gruel for the dysentery and warm